Avian pneumovirus (APV), also known as turkey rhinotracheitis virus (TRT) or swollen head syndrome (SHS), is an RNA virus in the family Pneumoviridae. This virus causes a severe respiratory disease mainly in turkeys and chickens, but can also infect other poultry species. APV primarily affects the upper respiratory tract and can cause significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Typical symptoms of APV infection include sneezing, coughing, runny nose and eyes, conjunctivitis, swollen head and neck (hence the name 'swollen head syndrome'), respiratory distress and general lethargy. Turkeys often experience a decrease in food and water intake, leading to rapid weight loss. In laying hens, infection may cause a reduction in egg production. The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the age of the birds, the virus strain and the presence of secondary bacterial infections. Prevention and control of APV includes vaccination, strict biosecurity measures and good poultry management.
Description
Testing options:
- serological testing - ELISA
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