Avian tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease of birds and other animals caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium. The disease can be transmitted to humans under certain circumstances.
Description
Diagnosis of avian tuberculosis can be made in the field by a tuberculin test.
Suspect slaughtered, culled or dead birds must be necropsied (or examined at the slaughterhouse) and samples taken for laboratory confirmation.
Intravital diagnosis of samples in the laboratory has limited predictive value and is only used in cases where there is no reason to slaughter or kill the animal, e.g. for preventive testing of exotic birds.
Methods used
Investigation includes bacterioscopy, culture, histology and PCR.
Bacterioscopy by Ziehl-Neelsen staining is a rapid but only indicative method. Bacterioscopy is always performed together with culture, but can also be ordered separately.
The culture examination is a sensitive method, the examination time is 6 weeks. In case of a positive result, the colonies are confirmed by PCR.
Samples can also be tested directly by PCR.
Histological examination is performed to observe the characteristic changes in the tissue, supplemented by Ziehl-Neelsen staining.
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