Rift Valley fever is a viral disease that primarily affects animals (mainly cattle, sheep and goats) but can also be transmitted to humans. Camelids are also an important reservoir. The disease is caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), which belongs to the genus Phlebovirus (family Phenuiviridae) and is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Culex. It is most common in Africa, but cases have also been reported in the Arabian Peninsula.
In livestock, the disease is often very severe, especially in pregnant females and young. The most typical symptom is sudden abortion (especially in sheep), which occurs in pregnant animals with no previous signs of disease. Young animals are particularly susceptible, showing fever, lethargy, loss of appetite and death within a short time. In adults, symptoms may be milder and non-specific (short-term fever, weakness, lethargy, possibly weight loss). Some animals may die suddenly with no obvious signs.
Testing options:
Samples suitable for RT-PCR: whole blood (EDTA)
In 2023, the National reference laboratory for Rift Valley fever was established in our laboratory.
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